The miR408 family has been reported in some plant species,but little is known about its evolutionary rules and molecular characteristics.In this study,based on the miRbase,49 precursors and 64 mature sequences of the miR408 family in 34 plant species were analyzed using distribution statistics,construction of phylogenetic trees,sequence alignment,prediction of the secondary structures,analyses of chromosome location,and prediction of the target genes,to explore the molecular characteristics and evolution of the miR408 family members.The results show that the miR408 family members were widely distributed in all 34 species of plants,which suggests that bryophytes might be the evolutionary ancestors of the miR408 family.The specificity of species was an important factor affecting the precursor evolution of the miR408 family,whereas the conservation of sequences was one of the main factors affecting the evolution of the mature miR408 family.The members of miR408-5p were quite specific,whereas the members of miR408-3p were conserved.Mfold predicted that pre-miR408 spontaneously forms a typical,stable stem-loop secondary structure and the stem sequence was more conserved than the loop sequence,and the miR408-3p sequence was more conserved than the miR408-5p sequence.Target gene analysis showed that miR408 family members played various roles in regulating plant growth,development,and response to stress in plants.The miR408 family members were coexistent with conservatism and specificity in evolution,which is a valuable reference for exploring the diverse biological functions of the miR408 family in plants.