摘要
为揭示不同水分与肥力管理对巨菌草(Cenchrus fungigraminus)生长发育的影响,采用盆栽土培控水控肥设计W1-W4共4个水分梯度(25％、50％、75％、100％田间持水量)与F1-F3共3个肥力梯度(3.3、6.6、13.2 g/盆)的完全随机耦合组12组,以75％田间持水量不施肥为对照,研究不同水肥处理下巨菌草的形态特征与生物量.结果表明:茎粗、茎秆总长、叶宽受水分、施肥显著影响(P＜0.05),株高、叶长、节间长、含水率、根冠比、茎叶比、生物量、干旱敏感指数、耐性指数及植株质量指数受水分、施肥及二者交互作用显著影响.随水分和肥力增加,巨菌草根冠比下降,地下生物量分配占比减少,其余形态指标与生物量及指数均增加.施肥可减弱巨菌草受干旱胁迫程度.各组间相比较,株高、茎粗、茎秆总长、叶长、叶宽、节间长最大值分别比平均值高出35.97％、18.26％、45.55％、14.82％、29.52％、27.58％,茎、叶、根含水率最大值分别比平均值高出34.69％、31.09％、23.10％;叶、茎、地上、地下及总生物量最大值分别比平均值高出96.46％、132.52％、114.88％、123.71％、113.04％,根冠比、茎叶比最大值分别比平均值高出139.67％、77.11％.巨菌草在正常水分(75％田间持水量)耦合中肥(6.6 g/盆)或高肥(13.2 g/盆)处理的形态特征较好,充足水分(100％田间持水量)耦合中肥(6.6 g/盆)处理的生物量积累、干旱耐性指数和植株质量指数较高.本研究表明正常水分耦合中肥与高肥、充足水分耦合中肥是巨菌草在干旱河谷生长发育与物质积累的优选水肥配比;结果可为干旱区巨菌草生长管理和植被生态恢复应用提供数据基础.(图10表1参37)
Abstract
Water and fertilizers are the most important environmental factors in dry valley ecosystems which directly affect plant growth and development.Adjusting water and fertilizers according to local conditions to produce a reasonable and effective coupling synergy is important for guiding plant growth and production,promoting application,and promoting sustainable agricultural development in arid areas.This study aimed to reveal the effects of different water and fertilizer management strategies on the growth and development of Cenchrus fungigraminus and to provide theoretical references for its cultivation,planting,management,and ecological restoration.In a dry valley of the Dadu River,a potted soil cultivation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of water and fertilizer treatments on the morphological characteristics,biomass accumulation,and distribution of Cenchrus fungigraminus.The experiment had a completely randomized design with 12 factorial combinations of four water levels(25％,50％,75％,and 100％of the field capacity,W1-W4)and three levels of fertilizer(3.3,6.6,and 13.2 g/pot,F1-F3),and 75％of the field capacity without fertilization was used as a control.Results demonstrated that Stem diameter,total stem length,and leaf width were significantly affected by water and fertilizer applications(P＜0.05).Plant height,leaf length,internode length,leaf moisture content,stem moisture content,root moisture content,root-shoot ratio,stem-leaf ratio,leaf biomass,stem biomass,aboveground biomass,root biomass,total biomass,leaf biomass allocation,stem biomass allocation,aboveground biomass allocation,root biomass allocation,drought sensitivity index,drought tolerance index,and plant quality index were significantly affected by water,fertilizer,and their interactions.With an increase in water and fertility,the root-shoot ratio and belowground biomass allocation decreased,and the other morphological characteristics,biomass,and indices increased.Fertilization alleviated the degree of drought stress in Cenchrus fungigraminus.Compared among different groups,the maximum values of plant height,stem diameter,total length of stem,leaf length,leaf width,and internode length were 35.97％,18.26％,45.55％,14.82％,29.52％,and 27.58％higher than the average values,respectively.The maximum stem,leaf,and root moisture contents were 34.69％,31.09％,and 23.10％higher than average values,respectively.The maximum values of leaf,stem,aboveground,underground,and total biomass were 96.46％,132.52％,114.88％,123.71％,and 113.04％higher than the average values,respectively.The maximum values of root-shoot ratio and stem-leaf ratios were 139.67％and 77.11％higher than average values,respectively.The morphological characteristics of Cenchrus fungigraminus in a normal supply of water(75％of the field capacity)coupled with moderate level(6.6 g/pot)or high(13.2 g/pot)levels of fertilizer were better,and the biomass accumulation,drought tolerance index,and quality index in a sufficient supply of water(100％of the field capacity)coupled with moderate(6.6 g/pot)fertilizer were better.In conclusion,for Cenchrus fungigraminus growth and biomass accumulation in a dry valley,the optimal water and fertilizer combinations were:normal water supply(75％of field capacity)with either moderate(6.6 g/pot)or high(13.2 g/pot)fertilizer,and sufficient water supply(100％of field capacity)with moderate fertilizer(6.6 g/pot).This research provides a foundation for growth management and ecological restoration of Cenchrus fungigraminus in arid areas.
基金项目
中央引导地方科技发展专项(2018L003)
福建省科技计划重大专项(2021NZ029009)
福建省自然资源厅项目(KKY22003XA)
福建省农业农村厅农业资源保护与利用专项(KKY22001XA)
福建农林大学学科交叉融合专项(XKJC-712021030)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据