Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on morphological characteristics and biomass of Cenchrus fungigraminus
Water and fertilizers are the most important environmental factors in dry valley ecosystems which directly affect plant growth and development.Adjusting water and fertilizers according to local conditions to produce a reasonable and effective coupling synergy is important for guiding plant growth and production,promoting application,and promoting sustainable agricultural development in arid areas.This study aimed to reveal the effects of different water and fertilizer management strategies on the growth and development of Cenchrus fungigraminus and to provide theoretical references for its cultivation,planting,management,and ecological restoration.In a dry valley of the Dadu River,a potted soil cultivation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of water and fertilizer treatments on the morphological characteristics,biomass accumulation,and distribution of Cenchrus fungigraminus.The experiment had a completely randomized design with 12 factorial combinations of four water levels(25％,50％,75％,and 100％of the field capacity,W1-W4)and three levels of fertilizer(3.3,6.6,and 13.2 g/pot,F1-F3),and 75％of the field capacity without fertilization was used as a control.Results demonstrated that Stem diameter,total stem length,and leaf width were significantly affected by water and fertilizer applications(P＜0.05).Plant height,leaf length,internode length,leaf moisture content,stem moisture content,root moisture content,root-shoot ratio,stem-leaf ratio,leaf biomass,stem biomass,aboveground biomass,root biomass,total biomass,leaf biomass allocation,stem biomass allocation,aboveground biomass allocation,root biomass allocation,drought sensitivity index,drought tolerance index,and plant quality index were significantly affected by water,fertilizer,and their interactions.With an increase in water and fertility,the root-shoot ratio and belowground biomass allocation decreased,and the other morphological characteristics,biomass,and indices increased.Fertilization alleviated the degree of drought stress in Cenchrus fungigraminus.Compared among different groups,the maximum values of plant height,stem diameter,total length of stem,leaf length,leaf width,and internode length were 35.97％,18.26％,45.55％,14.82％,29.52％,and 27.58％higher than the average values,respectively.The maximum stem,leaf,and root moisture contents were 34.69％,31.09％,and 23.10％higher than average values,respectively.The maximum values of leaf,stem,aboveground,underground,and total biomass were 96.46％,132.52％,114.88％,123.71％,and 113.04％higher than the average values,respectively.The maximum values of root-shoot ratio and stem-leaf ratios were 139.67％and 77.11％higher than average values,respectively.The morphological characteristics of Cenchrus fungigraminus in a normal supply of water(75％of the field capacity)coupled with moderate level(6.6 g/pot)or high(13.2 g/pot)levels of fertilizer were better,and the biomass accumulation,drought tolerance index,and quality index in a sufficient supply of water(100％of the field capacity)coupled with moderate(6.6 g/pot)fertilizer were better.In conclusion,for Cenchrus fungigraminus growth and biomass accumulation in a dry valley,the optimal water and fertilizer combinations were:normal water supply(75％of field capacity)with either moderate(6.6 g/pot)or high(13.2 g/pot)fertilizer,and sufficient water supply(100％of field capacity)with moderate fertilizer(6.6 g/pot).This research provides a foundation for growth management and ecological restoration of Cenchrus fungigraminus in arid areas.
Cenchrus fungigraminusmorphological characteristicsbiomasswater and fertilizer couplingwater stress
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