Comparison of flavonoids,amino acids,and phenolic acids in different Polygonatum rhizomes
Polygonatum is an important traditional Chinese medicine with homology between medicine and food.The utilization of its components has been known since ancient times;however,a few studies have compared the components of different Polygonatum species.To explore the differences in flavonoids,amino acids,and phenolic acids in the three Polygonatum rhizomes(Polygonatum sibiricum(PS),Polygonatum kingianum(PK),and Polygonatum cyrtonema(PC)),ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was used,which detected the constituents and differences in flavonoids,amino acids,and phenolic acids in the rhizomes.Principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to identify differentially accumulated metabolites.The result demonstrated that a total of 268 metabolites were detected in the rhizomes of the three plant species,of which,flavonoids accounted for the highest proportion(46％),followed by amino acids and their derivatives(29％),and phenolic acids(25％).The results of the Venn analysis identified 184 common differentially accumulated metabolites in the three kinds of Polygonati rhizoma,and the contents were significantly different.A total of 37 unique metabolites,2 unique substances in Polygonatum cyrtonema,14 unique substances in Polygonati sibiricum,and 22 unique substances in Polygonatum kingianum such as trihydroxycinnamoylquinic acid and eriodictyol-5,3'-di-O-glucoside were detected and identified at high concentrations in Polygonatum cyrtonema.The 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl homoisoflavone,acacetin,luteolin-7-O-(2"-O-rhamnopyranosyl)rutinoside,1-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid,and proline betaine were only found in Polygonatum kingianum.1-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid,apigenin-6,8-di-C-arabinoside,and apigenin-6-C-arabinoside-8-C-xyloside accumulated only in Polygonatum sibiricum.Differences in the chemical composition diversity of different varieties of Polygonatum rhizomes were revealed,which provided guidance for the application of different sibiricum rhizomes.Simultaneously,the unique substances contained in different varieties of Polygonatum can be used and studied in a targeted manner.The unique substances in different Polygonati Rhizoma may be related to their different effects and can also be used as chemical markers to provide a reference for further study of Polygonati Rhizoma germplasm identification or fingerprinting.In conclusion,this study revealed the differences in the nutrient composition and chemical constituents of three Polygonatum rhizome species,and their unique metabolites could be used as chemical markers.This study provides a reference for further research on germplasm identification and fingerprinting of Polygonatum plants.
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