Effects of landscape pattern on plant α-diversity at a global scale
Landscape patterns are important drivers of biodiversity.However,the impact of landscape patterns on biodiversity remains widely debated owing to differences in vegetation types,sampling methods,diversity measures,spatial scales,and landscape levels.We calculated plant species α-diversity,landscape-and patch-level metrics,and evaluated the contributions of landscape patterns on plant species α-diversity using a global standardized plant community database and land use/land cover maps at 30-m resolution between 1990-2017.Landscape patterns and α-diversity were closely associated and varied across vegetation types and scales.Random forest models and variation partitioning revealed that patch number,edge density and landscape diversity were the important drivers of plant α-diversity;their individual effects were much lower than their joint effect.The joint effect of landscape fragmentation and patch metrics was the main driver of plantα-diversity in shrubs(5.6％)and grasslands(8.8％).Plant α-diversity tended to increase closer to the center of the patch.These effects have strong scale dependence.In summary,patch metrics,landscape diversity,and fragmentation were the main drivers for plant α-diversity,differing across vegetation types.We recommend balancing the spatial structures of patch-and landscape-level structures to enhance the positive effects of landscape patterns and maintain global plant diversity.
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