再说例外句的逻辑语义——语义限制、分步操作和单调性
On the Logical Semantics of Exceptional Sentences Semantic Con-straints,Step-by-step Operations,and Monotonicity
沈心妍 1陈振宇1
作者信息
摘要
例外句研究由来已久,成果斐然,但仍有一些重要的问题需要进一步讨论.例外句的限制条件包括包容条件、否定条件、分配条件和少数条件.例外标记经常具有与例外意义不同的用法.汉语的"除了"其实是表示放在一边、不计算在内,在句子和语境因素的作用下,产生各种例外和非例外的用法.例外用法分为典型例外和同位例外.典型例外具有很强的语用功能,表示增强反预期信息,或者表达强化语力.同位例外则因为量化处理方式的不同有互补和非互补两种解读.例外句的关联项加上某些量化算子,会具有单调性,有全称量化算子、下偏量算子或主观小量算子时单调下降,有上偏量算子或主观大量算子时单调上升.但是要想保持单调性,需要满足"允准条件",即:补足项必须同时是两层关联项的真子集.
Abstract
The study of exceptional sentences has a long history and fruitful re-sults,but there are still some important issues that require further discussion.The restrictive conditions for exceptional sentences include the condition of in-clusion,the negative condition,the distributive condition,and the minority condition.Exception markers often have a usage different from the meaning of exceptions.The Chinese word chule actually means putting aside and not counting,and under the influence of sentence and contextual factors,various exceptional and non-exceptional sentences are generated.Exceptions can be divided into typical exceptions and appositive exceptions.Typical exceptions have strong pragmatic functions,indicating the enhancement of counter-expec-ted information or the strengthening of force.Appositive exceptions can be in-terpreted in two ways:complementary and non-complementary due to differ-ences in quantitative processing methods.The addition of certain quantification operators to the associates of exceptional sentences can exhibit monotonicity.When there is a universal operator,a lower-bias operator,or a subjectively-small-quantity operator,it monotonically decreases,whereas when an upper-bias operator or a subjectively-large-quantity operator is used,it monotonically increases.However,to maintain monotonicity,it is necessary to satisfy the Li-censing Condition,which means that the complement must be a proper subset of both layers of associates.
关键词
语义限制/排除/分步操作/典型/同位例外句/单调性Key words
semantic constraints/put aside/step-by-step operation/typical/appositive exception/monotonicity引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据