Composition and Formation Mechanism of Crop Milk in Pigeon During the Breeding Cycle:A Review
Pigeon is an important economic poultry species in many countries.As an altricial bird,its growth and development are largely reliant on pigeon milk produced by the crop tissue in the first week.pigeon milk is characterized by high concentrations of protein and fat and low concentrations of carbohydrates,The formation of pigeon milk is involved in a very complex regulatory network,Two biological processes are involved.One is the proliferation and shedding of crop epidermal cells,and the other is the accumulation of nutrients in cells.Under the stimulation of hormones,especially prolactin,crop cells proliferate massively,and the proliferation of the crop epidermis is also affected by non-coding RNAs.Meanwhile,a large number of nutrients,such as proteins and lipids,are synthesized in crop epidermal cells.When nutrients have accumulated to a certain level,apoptosis of epidermal cells occurs,which leads to the shedding of a mass of epithelial cells that are full of nutrients to form pigeon milk.This paper reviews pigeon during the breeding cycle,the composition of pigeon crop milk,and the mechanism of its formation,which is important for a better understanding of the physiology of altricial birds and the development of artificial crop milk,and Provide theoretical basis for the development of pigeon industry.
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