Probiotics in Intestinal Mucosa and its Application in Animal Husbandry
The intestinal mucosal immune system is a highly specialized network composed of immune cells,signaling molecules,and barrier structures.Its primary function is to protect the host from pathogenic invasions while maintaining tolerance to beneficial and symbiotic microorganisms.Probiotics,which are active microorganisms beneficial to the host's health,are widely present in the gastrointestinal tract of animals.They inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria by competing for nutrients and colonization sites,thereby regulating the gut microbiota structure,metabolism,and immunity.In recent years,the impact of probiotics on intestinal health and their therapeutic role in certain diseases have gained increasing attention.Furthermore,as an important tool for improving production efficiency in animal husbandry,ensuring animal health,and reducing antibiotic dependency,the application and research progress of probiotics in the livestock industry have sparked widespread research interest and practical exploration.This article will provide an overview of the types and characteristics of probiotics,their regulation of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and mucosal immunity,as well as the current state of research and prospects for industrial application.The aim is to enhance understanding of the potential of probiotics as immunomodulators for gut health in the livestock industry and to offer a reference for their rational development and application in animal husbandry.
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