《左传》所见春秋时代谥迹不一考析
Analysis of Incongruity Between One's Posthumous Name and His Deeds in the Spring and Autumn Period Seen in Zuozhuan
王世玥1
作者信息
摘要
谥号本是对人一生行迹定评式的总结,但《左传》中许多人物的事迹与其谥号的倾向产生了极大的偏差,即谥迹不一.谥迹不一绝不是偶然而成的巧合和误差:若同一谥号,个别人物谥迹不一,则是《左传》作者有意"以恶书反美谥",其中蕴含了作者独特的叙事手法和礼乐观念;若同一谥号,所有人物都谥迹不一,则是春秋时期的谥解与现行《谥法解》出现了偏差,主要体现在"懿""昭""声"三者之上.其中"懿"字在西周早期时的书写形态与张口饮酒相关联,进而证明"懿"在谥法尚未规范时,或有直情任性、纵欲享乐的引申含义,春秋时则通过谥字的特殊形式部分保存了下来.
Abstract
Posthumous names are intended to encapsulate a person's lifetime accomplishments.However,the deeds of numerous figures in Zuozhuan deviated greatly from the implications in their posthumous names,a phenomenon referred to as"incongruity between one's posthumous name and his deeds".Such inconsistency is not simply accidental or attributable to mistakes.If this inconsistency can be found in only a few among those who were given the same posthumous names,it is obvious that the author of Zuozhuan deliberately"re-corded derogatorily against a complementary posthumous title",which reflects the author's unique narrative technique and concepts of ritual and music.In case this inconsistency can be found in all of those with the same posthumous title,it suggests some differences in the understandings of posthumous names during the Spring and Autumn Period and the presently accepted Interpretation of Posthumous Titles,mainly concerning the three characters,i.e.Yi(懿),Zhao(昭)and Sheng(声).In the early Western Zhou dynasty,the shape of the character Yi was initially linked to the act of drinking,implying that prior to the standardization of posthumous names,Yi may have carried associations of unrestrained indulgence and hedonism,which were partially preserved in the special forms of posthumous names later during the Spring and Autumn Period.
关键词
《左传》/谥号/春秋时代/谥迹Key words
Zuozhuan/posthumous names/the Spring and Autumn Period/incongruity between one's post-humous name and his deeds引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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