Annual infection cycle of wheat crown rot pathogens under conservation tillage condition
In this study,the infection cycle and annual occurrence patterns of wheat crown rot pathogens under conser-vation tillage from 2018 to 2022 were investigated using Fusarium pseudograminearum,the dominant pathogen of wheat crown rot in China.The indoor layered inoculation technique was used to determine the ability of pathogens in the wheat sowing layer and above to infect various part of wheat plant.Results showed that the pathogens could infect wheat germs,stem in the ground,root-stem junctions,bud sheaths or leaf sheaths,but not roots.Additionally,the pathogens could not infect wheat below 5cm from the seeds.Based on these findings,it is suggested that deep tillage can effectively reduce the number of the fungal sources.Using field inoculation,it was found that severe susceptibility during the seedling stage could result in dead seedlings or reduced tillers.At the adult plant stage,the stems become dead or white,and the tillers become more susceptible to disease.White ear was scattered at different heights of the wheat.After the wheat harvest,the pathogens carried by wheat stubble could continue to reproduce in the corn field.After the corn harvest,the pathogen was spread throughout the field by rotary tillage with wheat stubble and corn straw.This led to the re-infection of the next wheat crop.This revealed that wheat crown rot has become an important disease that adversely affects wheat yield under conservation tillage conditions,such as wheat straw returning and corn no-tillage sowing,in Huang-Huai-Hai region.It has been revealed that F.pseudograminearum was from the local source,and became a dominant pathogen through yearly selection and accumulation.We also proposed a green prevention and control strategy for crown rot that focuses on ecological management.
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