Effects of intercropping different green manures in apple orchards on pest-natural enemy interaction and their ecological control efficay
This study aimed to identify suitable green manure plants for intercropping in northern apple orchards,and to clarify the interaction between pests and natural enemies in different intercropping modes,and establish an efficient and stable orchard ecological control system.In 2022,we monitored the population dynamics of Aphis citricola and its major predatory natural enemies under four intercropping models of apple with Orychophragmus violaceus,Brassica napus,Vicia villosa,and Vicia sativa.The results showed that the peak population number of Aphis citricola was significantly lower in all four intercropping treatments compared to clean cultivation(p＜0.05).Specifically,the peak population number of Aphis citricola decreased by 19.02％,20.98％,23.26％and 50.36％,respectively,while the average single occurrence of predatory natural enemies increased by 13.79％,36.21％,20.69％and 53.45％,respectively.There was a negative correlation between the peak population of predatory natural enemies and the peak population of Aphis citricola.These findings suggested that intercropping the four green manure in apple orchard could effectively reduce the population of Aphis citricola and increase the number of predatory natural enemies,resulting in a good ecological control effect.Among the intercropping modes,the ecological control effect of intercropping Brassica napus with apple was the most significant.The peak populations of Coccinellidae,Chrysopidae,and spiders in this mode were significantly higher than that in clean culture(p＜0.05).It could achieve an early control against Aphis citricola in orchards by modulating the population of natural enemies Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae in orchards,particularly coccinellidae.In the later stage,the ecological control of Aphis citricola in orchard could be realized by affecting the population of Coccinellidae,Chrysopidae,and spiders.
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