摘要
为明确不同种植模式下高粱、大豆病原真菌种群结构的变化,于2020-2023年高粱大豆生长期对四川省泸县高粱大豆带状复合种植、高粱单作、大豆单作3种种植模式下的真菌病害进行了调查,分析不同模式下病原真菌的种类分布、组成,比较群落特征指数.结果表明,调查地高粱与大豆上的病原真菌共28种,其中高粱单一病原菌11种,大豆单一病原菌4种,两作物上均存在的病原菌13种.炭疽菌属、镰刀菌属和链格孢属为优势菌群;高粱主要病原菌有层出镰刀菌、串珠镰孢菌、禾草炭疽菌、胶孢炭疽菌和高粱炭疽菌;大豆主要病原菌有大豆炭疽菌、大豆茎点霉、大豆间座壳菌和层出镰刀菌.在带状复合种植模式下病原真菌群落的物种数量、多样性指数、丰富度指数等均有明显提升,使不同种类真菌群落形成相互竞争关系,病害的危害程度有所减轻.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in the population structure of pathogenic fungi in sorghum and soybean crops cultivated under different planting patterns.To this end,the prevalence of major diseases in three types of planting patterns,namely strip intercropping of sorghum and soybean,monoculture of sorghum,and monoculture of soybean,was examined in Luxian County,Sichuan Province,during the sorghum and soybean growing seasons from 2020 to 2023.The distribution and composition of pathogenic fungi under different planting patterns were analyzed,and community characteristic indexes were compared.The results indicated that a total of 28 species of pathogenic fungi were identified on sorghum and soybean,among which 11 species were specific to sorghum,4 species were specific to soybean,and 13 species were shared pathogens of both crops.The dominant fungal groups were identified as Colletotrichum,Fusarium,and Alternaria.The primary pathogenic fungi of sorghum included Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium subglutinans,Colletotrichum graminicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and Colletotrichum sublineolum.In contrast,the primary pathogens of soybean included Colletotrichum chlorophyti,Phoma herbarum,Diaporthe phaseolorum,and Fusarium proliferatum.The strip intercropping pattern resulted in a notable increase in the species number,diversity index,and richness index of the pathogenic fungal community,leading to competition among different fungal communities and effectively reducing the occurrence of diseases.
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万方数据