A firewall is a computer network security system that can restrict internet traffic entering or leaving a private network.Proper execution of firewall optimization management strategies and strengthening of firewall risk assessments,is crucial for controlling network connections,monitoring and managing network traffic,identifying and blocking cyber-attacks,and safeguarding network and device security as well as protecting personal privacy.This article discusses the operational principles of firewalls,types of firewalls,and strategies for optimizing firewall management.It also analyzes the risks and threats factors to firewall security and explores methods to enhance firewall risk assessment processes.