Objective This study seeks to understand the epidemiological characteristics of female patients with HIV/AIDS reported from 2008 to 2022 in China,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of targeted AIDS prevention and control strategies for certain female groups.Methods All female patients with HIV/AIDS reported during the period 2008-2022 in the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(CISDCP)were included in this study.Excel 2016 and SPSS 24.0 were used for data cleaning and descriptive statistical analysis.Joint Point Regression Program 4.9.0 was used to compute time trend analysis of the detection rate via a logarithmic linear model and calculate average annual percentage changes(AAPC)and annual percentage changes(APC).The significance level was α=0.05.Results From 2008 to 2022,the number of reported female HIV/AIDS patients in China first increased and then decreased,accounting for over 20％of the total.The detection rate increased from 2.7/105 in 2008 to 5.0/105 in 2019,and then displayed a downward trend,dropping to 3.4/105 in 2022.The time trend analysis results indicated an APC of 4.5％(3.3％to 5.8％)from 2008 to 2015,8.2％(4.3％to 12.2％)from 2015 to 2019,and-12.8％(-16.2％to-9.3％)from 2019 to 2022,and an AAPC of 1.5％(0.3％to 2.8％)from 2008 to 2022.The detection rate of female patients aged 20-29 decreased from 6.7/105 in 2008 to 1.9/105 in 2022,with an AAPC of-8.8％(-11.1％to-6.5％).The detection rate of those aged 50-59 and 60-69 exhibited a rapid increase,followed by a slight decrease,with AAPC of 12.2％(10.7％to 13.7％)and 13.0％(9.5％to 16.6％),respectively.The main route of infection among female patients was heterosexual transmission,accounting for 96.9％(22 624/23 357)in 2022,mainly through intercourse with non-commercial sexual partners(66.7％,15 087/22 624).The reported female patients were mainly distributed in the Southwestern and Central Southern regions,accounting for 49.5％(11 573/23 357)and 28.6％(6691/23 357)in 2022,respectively.The detection rate in the Southwestern region was much higher than that in other regions,increasing from 7.2/105 in 2008 to 19.2/105 in 2019,with an APC of 10.0％(8.5％to 11.5％),and decreasing to 11.5/105 in 2022,with an APC of-16.1％(-23.3％to-8.3％).The detection rate in the Northwestern region from 2008 to 2018 was between 4.4/105 and 6.1/105,with an APC of 2.1％(-0.2％to 4.4％).This figure then decreased to 2.7/105 in 2022,with an APC of-15.9％(-24.2％to-6.8％).The detection rate in the Central Southern regions remained stable between 3.4/105 and 4.3/105 from 2008 to 2022,with an APC of-0.7％(-1.4％to 0)and a P-value of 0.064.Conclusions The proportion and detection rate of female patients with HIV/AIDS aged over 50 increased year by year.Female patients are mainly infected by non-commercial sexual partners through heterosexual transmission.The detection rate of female patients is higher in the Southwestern,Central Southern,and Northwestern regions.Targeted prevention and control measures are necessary to control the spread of HIV for key populations and areas.
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