Research progress of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML)is a subacute demyelinating encephalopathy caused by the John Cunningham virus(JCV).PML is most commonly found in patients with AIDS,and the prognosis for untreated patients is poor.This review summarizes the infection and pathogenesis of JCV;the interactions between the JCV virus,immune cells,and HIV;methods for early diagnosis,including magnetic resonance imaging,magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging,and cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction;the current therapeutic regimens,such as classical antiretroviral therapy(direct antiviral therapy and immune reconstitution therapy),immune checkpoint inhibitors,CRISPER/Cas9,T cell therapy;and barriers to the development of antiviral drugs.
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