Diversity and distribution characteristics of oral microbiota in HIV/AIDS patients
Objectives To investigate and compare the diversity and distribution characteristics of oral microbiota between HIV/AIDS patients and non-HIV-infected controls.Methods HIV/AIDS inpatients/outpatients and non-HIV-infected controls from The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District,Foshan City and Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University,were enrolled between January and December 2023.Unstimulated saliva samples were collected.The 16S V3-4 rDNA region of the saliva microbiome was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq2500 Platform(PE250 model).Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to assess species diversity and discrepancy.Results Thirty HIV/AIDS patients(HIV-infected group)and 28 non-HIV infected controls(non-HIV-infected group)were included.Age,sex,the ratio of smoking and drinking,and average sequencing data were not significantly between the two groups(P＞0.05).At phylum level,the HIV-infected group had significantly higher Alpha diversity(Ace,Shannon,and Simpson indices)than the non-HIV-infected group[16.0(9.0,19.3)vs.7.0(0.0,14.0),1.44(1.34,1.52)vs.1.36(1.28,1.40),0.28(0.25,0.33)vs.0.31(0.30,0.36);P all＜0.05].At genus level,the HIV-infected group also had significantly higher Alpha diversity than the non-HIV-infected group[108.0(61.0,167.0)vs.61.0(55.0,93.0),2.52(2.34,2.65)vs.2.35(2.24,2.46),0.14(0.11,0.17)vs.0.16(0.15,0.21);P all＜0.05].Among the top 10 phylum-level microbiome population,compare to the non-HIV-infected group,relative abundances of Bacteroidota,Campilobacterota,Cyanobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group(P＜0.05),whereas Firmicutes were significantly lower(P=0.015).Among the top 15 genus-level microbiome microorganisms,compare to the non-HIV-infected group,relative abundances of Prevotella,Porphyromonas,Veillonella,and Alloprevotella were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group(P＜0.05),whereas Streptococcus,Rothia,and Gemella numbers were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions Diversity of the saliva microbiome was significantly higher in HIV/AIDS patients,suggesting that HIV infection may lead to an imbalance in the oral microbiome.
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