Development and preliminary validation of an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis stigma scale among men who have sex with men in China
Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)stigma scale based on the health action process approach(HAPA),to provide a tool for further exploration of influencing factors and the development of promotion strategies for PrEP.Methods The scale items were derived from the six key theoretical elements of the scale:self-efficacy,positive outcome expectancy,negative outcome expectancy,risk perception,willingness to use,and action plan.A preliminary survey was conducted among men who have sex with men in Chengdu and Hefei from October 26 to November 27,2023,collecting data on demographic characteristics,HIV exposure risk,PrEP usage,and responses to the PrEP stigma scale.Content validity,face validity,and discriminant validity of the scale were assessed.The reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's α coefficient,and test-retest reliability was examined in a subset of participants.Results Among the 32 participants surveyed,53.1％(17/32)reported HIV exposure risk,and 34.4％(11/32)had used or were currently using PrEP.Preferences for medication regimens revealed a preference for on-demand dosing,followed by long-acting injections,and daily medication.Content and face validity of the PrEP stigma scale were quantitatively evaluated by HIV specialists,peer leaders,and the target population,resulting in revisions to item wording and order.The final PrEP stigma scale comprised nine dimensions with 44 items,exhibiting a total Cronbach's α of 0.882 and a test-retest intragroup correlation coefficient of 0.895.Conclusions The developed scale demonstrated good reliability and validity.It can serve as a valuable tool for assessing PrEP-related attitudes and behaviors,offering guidance for PrEP promotion initiatives.
HIVpre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)health action process approach(HAPA)reliabilityvalidity
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