2021-2022年海口市某哨点医院儿童流行性感冒的流行病学特征分析
Epidemiological characteristics of influenza among children in a sentinel hospital in Haikou city,2021-2022
吴守业 1王亚洲 1李秋琼 1王汝琼 1郭钰萍 1胡玲 1吴晓丹1
作者信息
- 1. 海南省妇女儿童医学中心,海南海口 570100
- 折叠
摘要
目的 分析海口市某哨点医院儿童流行性感冒(简称流感)的流行病学特征,了解流感优势病毒株,为流感防治提供科学依据.方法 收集2021年10月-2022年9月海南省海口市流感监测哨点海南省妇女儿童医学中心的儿童流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)资料并采集患者发病早期的鼻咽拭子标本,用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time qRT-PCR)检测样本中流感病毒核酸,以流感监测年度为周期对监测ILI病例数、年龄、发病季节以及流感病毒核酸阳性结果进行描述性分析.结果 共采集ILI咽拭子标本3 670份,流感病毒核酸阳性498份,阳性率为13.57％,其中甲型H3N2流感占56.22％(280/498),其次为乙型流感占37.35％(186/498),甲型H1N1流感占比最低,为6.43％(32/498).各年龄组儿童均可发病,其中流感病毒阳性检出率以3～＜6岁年龄组为最高(144/853,16.88％);其次为1～＜3岁年龄组(152/929,16.36％)和6～＜10岁年龄组(109/826,13.20％).甲型H3N2和H1N1流感病毒均在1～＜6岁年龄组检出率最高(分别为68.22％和71.88％),而乙型流感病毒在6～＜10岁年龄组检出率最高(38.71％).秋冬季为流行高峰,以乙型流感和甲型H1N1流感为主;暴发最高峰为夏季6月,占41.37％(206/498),其中99.51％(205/206)为甲型H3N2流感.结论 海口市儿童流感病毒流行特征具有明显的年龄和季节分布特点,建议加强6岁以下学龄前儿童的疫苗接种,加强免疫屏障,从而有利于儿童流感防控.
Abstract
Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of influenza in children in a sentinel hospital of Haikou city,find the dominant influenza virus strains,and to provide a basis for formulating influenza prevention and control strategies.Methods The sentinel surveillance data of influenza-like illness(ILI)at the Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center,a regional influenza monitoring outpost in Haikou city,from October 2021 to September 2022,were collected for descriptive analysis.And nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients were collected in the early stages of the disease.The influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the ILI cases,age,onset season,and positive results of influenza virus nucleic acid with the influenza surveillance year as the cycle.Results A total of 3 670 throat swab samples from ILI children were monitored in Hainan province,among which 498 were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid,with a positive rate of 13.57％.Among them,influenza A H3N2 accounted for 56.22％(280/498),followed by influenza B at 37.35％(186/498),and influenza A H1N1 at the lowest percentage of 6.43％(32/498).Influenza occurred in children of all age groups,with the highest positive rate in the age group of 3-＜6 years old(144/853,16.88％),followed by that in the age group of 1-＜3 years old(152/929,16.36％)and the age group of 6-＜10 years old(109/826,13.20％).The detection rates of influenza A H3N2(68.22％)and H1N1 viruses(71.88％)were both the highest in the age group of 1-＜6 years,while that of influenza B virus was the highest in the age group of 6-＜10 years(38.71％).The epidemic peak was in autumn and winter,with influenza B and A(H1N1)predominating.The peak of the outbreak was in June,accounting for 41.37％(206/498),of which 99.51％(205/206)were influenza A H3N2.Conclusion The epidemic of the influenza virus shows typical age and seasonal patterns.It is recommended to strengthen vaccination and immune barrier of preschool children,which is conducive to influenza prevention and control.
关键词
流行性感冒/儿童/甲型流感/乙型流感/流行特征Key words
Influenza/Children/Influenza A/Influenza B/Epidemic characteristics引用本文复制引用
基金项目
海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(21A200200)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据