Animal influenza A viruses are considered to have the potential to spread cross-species barrier,posing challenges and threats to public health and social development.The binding of influenza virus hemagglutinin(HA)protein to sialic acid(SA)receptors on host cells is the first step to entry and infection host cells,which con-sidered to be the first step to cross-species transmission.Specific amino acid mutations at the viral HA receptor binding site lead to a shift in receptor-binding preference,which is the molecular basis and plays a key role for the occurrence of jumping the species barrier of influenza A viruses(IAVs).In this review,we summarize the dis-covery of IAVs SA receptors,the methods to assess receptor-binding specificity,the glycan types and structures of SA receptor,SA receptor distribution and the molecular basis of viral HA binding to host receptors,in order to provide a scientific theoretical basis for elucidating the cross-species barrier of IAVs.
Influenza A virusesHemagglutininSialic acidReceptorBinding specificity
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