Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Qianjintablet to treat rats with pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods: Female Wistar rats makes acute pelvic inflammatory disease model by vaccinating mixed bacterial liquid in uterus. Experiment rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the low dosage group , the middle dosage group, the high dosage group, the Fuyankang group, the Roxithromycin group. After drug treatment,took rat uterus,observe the histopathological changes by superfine electron microscope. Results:The ultrastructure of lining of rat uterus in the blank group and abthe sham-operation group were normal;and these structures in the model group fell off, necrosis, degenerated, fiber hyperplasia.These structures in rat uterine in the low dosage group and the middle dosage group edema,fell off, necrosis, degenerated, fiber hyperplasia;In the high dosage group, except endometrial stroma cells in rat uterine mitochondria swell,became empty bubble,others were normal;In the Fuyankang group,rat uterus's lining epithelial fell off, collagen fiber hyperplasia, mesenchymal cells cytoplasm edema, cell atrophied, submucosal cells widely empty bubble of mitochondria.The Roxithromycin group was basicly normal.Conclusion:T Qianjintablet have certain curative effect to rats with pelvic inflammatory disease.