Objective:To study the expression of RhoA in oesophageal cancer, and to explore the relationship of expression of RhoA and its clinical significance. Methods:RhoA expression in tissue specimens of 40 primary oesophageal cancers, tissues of 40 paired adjacent non-cancer and 40 normal tissues were analyzed by Real-Time RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results:The expression of RhoA in normal oesophageal tissues, adjacent non-cancer tissues and cancer tissues were gradual y increased, and the difference was statistical y significant(P<0.05), and RhoA expression were associated with clinical TNM stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis respectively(P<0.05), and was not association with gender, age, tumor type, tumor grade in a statistical y significant way(P>0.05). Conclusion:Overexpression of RhoA might closely associate with the process and development of oesophageal cancer and play an important role in invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer.