目的：观察我院NICU主要的细菌定植率与新生儿NICU内住院患儿细菌感染之间的关系，以利采取相应措施控制院内感染。方法：选择2010年3月-2011年3月我院NICU内的住院患儿的鼻腔或咽部、腋窝采集标本行细菌培养。计算医院感染发病率、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发病率。结果：980例新生儿的标本行细菌培养：73.5%(720/980例)有细菌定植,其中39.2%为正常菌群，60.8%为致病菌。医院感染发病率为15.4%(151/980例)，日医院感染发病率为12.2‰， VAP发病率为65.6‰。不同胎龄出生组新生儿医院感染发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.35,P﹤0.05),胎龄≤32周的新生儿医院感染发病率最高。有致病菌定植的新生儿医院感染发病率高于无致病菌定植的新生儿,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.88,P﹤0.05)。结论：1.致病菌定植与医院感染密切相关，致病菌的定植率越高，发生医院感染的机率越大。2.胎龄越小，医院感染发病率越高，VAP 发病率越高。3.对 NICU 住院患儿进行定植菌检测,积极采取有效措施，对预防院内感染暴发流行有重大意义。
objective: to observe the hospital NICU engraftment rate of bacteria and the relationship between neonatal NICU in hospitalized children with bacterial infections, and adopt corresponding measures to control nosocomial infection. Methods:in March, 2010-March 2010 children of our hospital in the NICU in nasal cavity, pharyngeal or axil ary line samples bacteria culture. Calculate the incidence of hospital infection, the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Results:the specimens of 980 cases of neonatal bacterial culture:73.5%(720/980 cases) with bacteria to colonize, 39.2%were normal flora, 60.8%for pathogenic bacteria. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 15.4%(151/980 cases), incidence of nosocomial infection was 12.2‰, the incidence of VAP was 65.6‰. Born different gestational age groups of neonatal nosocomial infection incidence of difference was statistical y significant (chi-square = 12.35, P ﹤ 12.35), gestational age 32 weeks or less have the highest incidence of neonatal nosocomial infection. Pathogenic bacteria colonize neonatal nosocomial infection incidence of a disease is higher than no pathogenic bacteria engraftment of newborns, difference was statistical y significant (chi-square = 19.88, P ﹤ 19.88). Conclusion:1. The pathogenic bacteria colonize is closely related to hospital infection, pathogenic bacteria of engraftment rate is higher, the greater the probability of occurrence of nosocomial infection. 2. Gestational age is smal er, the higher the incidence of hospital infection, the higher the incidence of VAP. 3. The detection of NICU hospitalization engraftment pre-operation bacteria, actively take effective measures, to prevent nosocomial infection outbreak has great significance.
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