摘要
钛酸铋钠(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3,简称BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷因其环境友好型、良好的铁电压电性能等特点在航空航天、舰艇声纳、高速列车及电子产品等领域得到广泛应用.为了克服钛酸铋钠基无铅压电陶瓷高矫顽场并进一步提升其电学性能,通过对BNT基无铅压电陶瓷进行掺杂改性构建三方相-四方相共存的准同型相界(MPB).掺杂改性是改善BNT基无铅压电陶瓷性能的一种重要方法,针对BNT基无铅压电陶瓷掺杂改性进行系统总结十分必要.主要从BNT基无铅压电陶瓷多组元改性、A/B位离子掺杂和稀土离子掺杂改性等三方面综合论述近年来BNT基压电陶瓷研究进展.结果表明,引入合适的组元有利于BNT基无铅压电陶瓷构建三方相-四方相共存的准同型相界;A/B离子掺杂是根据离子半径和电价大小的一致性对BNT陶瓷中对应位置的离子进行取代;稀土离子掺杂主要对该陶瓷的光电特性有显著影响.上述三方面从不同角度改善了BNT基无铅压电陶瓷的性能,以期为研究性能更好的BNT基无铅压电陶瓷的科研和技术人员提供参考,并为BNT基无铅压电陶瓷的实际应用奠定基础.
Abstract
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on bismuth sodium titanate(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3,BNT)are increasingly popular in aerospace,naval sonar,high-speed trains,and electronic devices due to their environmental friendliness and outstanding ferroelectric capabilities.To address the challenge of high coercive fields and enhance electrical performance,doping modification of BNT-based ceramics introduces a morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)featuring both rhombohedral and tetragonal phases,effectively reducing the coercive field and significantly boosting electrical properties.This modification is essential for advancing the performance of sodium bismuth titanate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.This paper provides an extensive review of the latest advancements in the field of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,with a focus on multi-component modifications,A/B-site ion doping,and rare earth ion doping.Findings indicate that incorporating appropriate components into BNT-based ceramics facilitates the formation of an MPB,which not only reduces the coercive field but also significantly improves the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of these materials.However,despite these advancements,piezoelectric ceramic development represents just a fraction of the piezoelectric materials landscape,with vast potential for further exploration.Doping with A-and B-site ions in BNT ceramics aims to maintain cellular structure stability,aligning with the consistency of ionic radius and electric valence.A-site doping mitigates the volatilization of Bi and Na elements and eases sintering challenges,significantly enhancing piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties while reducing the coercive field.B-site ion doping,through Ti4+substitution,introduces defects and A-site vacancies,improving the piezoelectric constant d33.While these modifications have significantly advanced the structure and performance of BNT-based ceramics,issues with temperature stability remain,limiting their immediate practical application.Rare earth ion doping introduces light-emitting capabilities to BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics alongside piezoelectric improvements,significantly affecting their photoelectric properties.These diverse modification strategies collectively elevate the performance of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,paving the way for further research and potential practical applications.To advance the electrical performance of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,future research should focus on the material's intrinsic properties,specifically uncovering the physical nature of the quasi-isotropic phase boundaries and their role in enhancing electrical performance.This involves examining the changes in piezoelectric,ferroelectric,and dielectric properties across the MPB phase boundary range,as well as their dynamic evolution under external electric fields.Additionally,the research should explore the physical mechanisms by which component adjustments influence the stability of the material's phase structure,the regulation of the ferroelectric domain structure,and piezoelectric properties.Through these studies,the goal is to develop high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and facilitate their industrialization.
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