Review of Surface Treatment Technologies for Improving Tribology Characteristics of Current-carrying Friction Pairs
Current-carrying friction pairs play a key role in a variety of industries,including weapons and equipment manufacturing,electrified railways,and aerospace.With the continuous development of technological and industrial advances,increasing efficiency,reducing energy consumption,and extending equipment life have become top priorities.Given this dynamic background,improving the tribological properties of current-carrying friction pairs has become paramount.Scholars and researchers have been keen to pursue methods to optimize friction reduction,wear resistance,and other tribological properties,such as surface coatings,nanostructure design,and material modification.Significant progress has been made in these specific areas,but few articles effectively synthesize the existing wealth of knowledge and provide comprehensive reviews.This gap presents a challenge in fully understanding the progress made and its potential practical applications.The main purpose of this study is to fill the knowledge gap in this field by providing a comprehensive overview of the application and effect of various surface technologies in improving the characteristics of current-carrying friction pairs.First,a surface modification technology is proposed,the core idea of which is to optimize the current-carrying friction characteristics by adjusting the surface support structure and surface strengthening.Although the surface weaving method,which involves structural adjustments at both the micro and macro scales,may increase the surface roughness,a good balance between the tribological properties and electrical conductivity can still be achieved by optimizing the surface texture.Specifically,this can be achieved using a hexagonal arrangement of dotted surface patterns,which provides a promising solution for improving the overall performance of the material.Surface strengthening enhances the physical and chemical properties of the surface using physical surface means and adsorption films to improve the current-carrying friction characteristics.An investigation of the effect of heat treatment on current-carrying friction characteristics was suggested.An in-depth analysis of the effect of heat treatment on current-carrying friction characteristics will help to better understand the fundamentals and provide insight into the design and optimization of electrical contacts.Second,the introduction of surface coating and lubrication technology involves the addition of a film or coating to the surface of the friction pair,which can be selected according to the specific materials and precise coating processes,with the aim of optimizing the current-carrying characteristics of the friction pair.Lubrication technology aims to introduce appropriate lubricants between the surfaces of friction pairs to reduce the coefficient of friction and slow the surface wear.Of particular note is that the carbon nanotubes show superior performance,lower and more stable electrical contact resistance,and excellent lubrication ability.By carefully selecting the type and performance of the lubricating oil,precise control of the current-carrying friction process can be achieved,and the efficiency of the system can be improved.Special attention was paid to the application of these techniques under different working conditions,providing valuable insights into the practicality and adaptability of each approach.Finally,most studies have shown that composite technology is a key means of improving the performance of current-carrying friction pairs,particularly in challenging working environments.However,the processing costs are relatively high.Future research should focus on the comprehensive utilization of multiple technologies to improve overall efficiency.These findings highlight the important application value of surface-treatment technology for improving the frictional characteristics of carrier currents.More importantly,it is of great significance to promote the comprehensive development of the entire field of carrier friction and to affect the progress of various fields.
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