摘要
量子磁力仪是一种利用量子效应进行高精度磁场测量的仪器.随着量子技术的进步和应用需求的增长,量子磁力仪在航空航天、地球科学、地质勘探、生物医疗和前沿探索等多个研究领域的重要性日益凸显.该文详细介绍量子磁力仪特别是基于热原子系综的原子磁力仪的工作原理、性能及前沿应用.为梳理各类磁力仪的性能特点,首先,从测量的物理过程出发对量子磁力仪分类介绍,简述各类型磁力仪的基本原理与特点;然后,归纳关键技术指标和性能提升方法;最后,对量子磁力仪的发展趋势进行展望.
Abstract
Quantum magnetometers are advanced instruments that leverage quantum effects to measure magnetic fields with exceptional precision.With the advancement of quantum technology and growing application demands,quantum magnetometers have become increasingly important in fields such as aerospace,earth sciences,geological exploration,biomedical research,and frontier exploration.In this review,the working principles,performance,and cutting-edge applications of quantum magnetometers,particularly atomic magnetometers based on thermal atomic ensembles,are introduced.Quantum magnetometers are classified based on the physical processes of measurement,and the basic principles and characteristics of each type are summarized.Key technical indicators and methods for performance improvement are outlined,and future development trends are discussed.
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