Quantum magnetometers are advanced instruments that leverage quantum effects to measure magnetic fields with exceptional precision.With the advancement of quantum technology and growing application demands,quantum magnetometers have become increasingly important in fields such as aerospace,earth sciences,geological exploration,biomedical research,and frontier exploration.In this review,the working principles,performance,and cutting-edge applications of quantum magnetometers,particularly atomic magnetometers based on thermal atomic ensembles,are introduced.Quantum magnetometers are classified based on the physical processes of measurement,and the basic principles and characteristics of each type are summarized.Key technical indicators and methods for performance improvement are outlined,and future development trends are discussed.
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维普
