On Paths and Methods of Place Han Names'"Refining"Since Ancient Time Nearest to the Present—A Survey Centered around Local Records References
The complexity of methods of place names refining in Han Chinese has not yet been fully recognized.Relying on survey of narrations of changes of"ungracious"place names in major place names literature both ancient and current,we discover that according to whether the original names formed the basis of refining,the paths can be divided into"based on the original"and"replaced by new names";they respectively dominated three methods of refining,which are based on the voice,the form,and the meaning,and nine other methods of displaying features,improving wording,beautified metaphor,using allusion,clambering popularity,"name carding",ancient appellation,fable implication,and timely fashion that can still be detailed;the usages of refining methods in specific refining practices include"single type"and"overlaying type";the combination of gradation and pluralism,singularity and overlaying together determined the complexity as a whole.This research can provide certain inspirations for changes,development and transformation,as well as renaming of place names.
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