制革污泥渗滤液中特征污染物对土壤氨氮转化及微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of characteristic pollutants in leather sludge leachate on soil ammonia nitrogen transformation and microbial community structures

孔祥科 ¹李义 ²王平 ¹韩占涛 ³刘圣华 ¹张兆吉 ¹王妍妍¹

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作者信息

1. 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,福建厦门 361021;河北省/中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,河北石家庄 050061
2. 河北省地质环境监测院,河北石家庄 050021
3. 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京 100012
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摘要

[研究目的]查明制革污泥渗滤液中特征污染物(Cr(Ⅲ)、盐分、有机质)对土壤NH4+-N转化和微生物群落结构的影响,为制革污泥的安全农用及土壤NH4+-N的污染防控提供理论依据.[研究方法]通过土壤培养实验,研究不同污染物影响下土壤中NH4+-N向NO3--N的转化规律,并利用高通量测序对比分析不同条件下的微生物群落组成和结构变化特征.[研究结果]制革污泥渗滤液中特征污染组分对土壤中NH4+-N硝化过程的抑制程度排序为:Cr(Ⅲ)>盐分>有机质.外源Cr(Ⅲ)进入对土壤中NH4+-N的转化速率和转化量具有明显抑制作用,而土壤中盐分和有机质主要影响硝化作用的启动时间和降低硝化速率.随着土壤中Cr(Ⅲ)含量由 100 mg/kg增加到 250 mg/kg,培养 90d后NH4+-N的转化量由 94.23％降低到 19.38％.高浓度Cr(Ⅲ)和盐分在污染初期对土壤中微生物丰度和群落结构影响显著,随土壤老化过程中Cr(Ⅲ)生物有效性降低及微生物适应性增强,不同污染特征土壤中微生物群落结构和组成逐渐趋同,硝化功能菌(Nitrosospira、Nitrosomonas和Nitrosospira)丰度增加明显.[结论]冗余(RDA)分析结果表明,影响制革污染土壤中微生物群落结构演变的主要特征因子是Cr(Ⅲ)(R2=0.53,P<0.01)、NH4+-N(R2=0.59,P<0.005)和NO3--N(R2=0.53,P<0.01).

Abstract

This paper is the result of soil environmental survey engineering.[Objective]The objective is to identify the impact of characteristic pollutants(Cr(Ⅲ),salt,organic matter)in the leachate of tannery sludge on the conversion of soil NH4+-N conversion and microbial community structure.It provides a theoretical basis for the safe agricultural use of tannery sludge and soil pollution prevention and control.[Methods]The transformation of NH4+-N to NO3--N in soil was studied through soil cultivation experiments under different pollution conditions,and the high-throughput sequencing is used to analyze the composition and structure characteristics of microbial community in soil.[Results]The characteristic pollution components in the tannery sludge leachate inhibit the nitrification process of NH4+-N in the soil,and the influence factors are sorted as follows:Cr(Ⅲ)>saltness>organic matter.The exogenous Cr(Ⅲ)pollution has a significant inhibitory effect on the transformation rate and amount of NH4+-N,whereas the saltness and organic matter only delay the start time of nitrification and reduce the nitrification rate in soil.With the increase of Cr(Ⅲ)content from 100 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg,the transformation amount of NH4+-N decreases from 94.23％ to 19.38％ after 90 days of culture.The high Cr(Ⅲ)and salinity in the leachate have a significant impact on the microbial community structure and distribution in the soil at the initial stage of pollution.With the decrease of the bioavailability of Cr(Ⅲ)and the enhancement of microbial adaptation in soil aging process,the microbial community structure and composition in Cr(Ⅲ),salinity,and organic matter contaminated soils become similar,and the abundances of nitrifying bacteria(Nitrosospira,Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira)also have an obvious increase.[Conclusions]The results of RDA analysis show that the main characteristic factors affecting the evolution of microbial community structure in tanning contaminated soil are:Cr(Ⅲ)(R2=0.53,P<0.01),NH4+-N(R2=0.59,P<0.005)and NO3--N(R2=0.53,P<0.01).

关键词

制革污泥/Cr(Ⅲ)/氨氮/硝化作用/微生物群落结构/土壤环境地质调查工程

Key words

tannery sludge/Cr(Ⅲ)/ammonia nitrogen/nitrification/microbial community structure/soil environmental survey engineering

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基金项目

河北省自然科学基金面上项目(D2020504003)

中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(SK202113)

出版年

2024

中国地质

中国地质调查局

中国地质

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心

影响因子：2.317

ISSN：1000-3657

参考文献量12

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