"Trade and Benevolence":"Materials Exchange"at the 1961 East China Material Exchange Conference
During the period of national economic adjustment,the"flow of goods"became a relatively flexible in-stitutional choice to stimulate the exchange of industrial and agricultural products.Within the commercial system,various forms of exchanges,such as material exchange conferences,were widely conducted to facilitate the ex-change of urban industrial goods to the rural areas and agricultural and sideline products to the urban areas.The East China Material Exchange Conference,held from September to October 1961,adopted the principles of gra-ded counterparts and proportional transactions for material exchanges.Although this helped to maintain trading or-der,it also triggered competition among the regions,hindering the completion of transactions.In response,the conference advocated"benevolence-first"and"take-later,"leading to adjustments in the exchange patterns based on reciprocal and mutually beneficial relationships and yielding significant achievements in exchange prac-tices.The exchange of goods within the commercial system to some extent corrected the top-down planned distri-bution method and reflected the complex relations between planning and the market.
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