[Objective] To study the serum vitamin D levels in preterm infants and the influencing factors of the vitamin D and calcium intakes of maternal in Cangzhou.[Methods] The 158 preterm infants from Cangzhou People's Hospital were selected in the study,serum 25-(OH)D in preterm infants was measured by ELISA.The nutrition knowledges of pregnant women on vitamin D were investigated by using a self-designed questionnaire.[Results] It was high prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants.The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was 97.4 %.It was related to the nutrition knowledge and vitamin D intakes of pregnant women.Only 6.9 % of pregnant women took in the calcium with vitamin D,without the rule.Intakes of vitamin D did not meet the requirements of the Chinese Nutrition Society recommended intake of pregnant women.[Conclusion] Clinical staff should strengthen health education on maternal,to recognize the importance of reasonable supplement of vitamin D.