Comparison of early catch-up growth among different types of small for gestational age infants and relevant influencing factors
Objective To compare the catch-up growth of different types of small for gestational age(SGA)children from birth to 2 years old,and to analyze related factors,in order to provide reference for the standardized management of SGA infants.Methods A retrospective study was performed on SGA infants who underwent health examination in the Department of Child Health Care of Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to July 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into three groups according to their birth weight and length:SGA-1(length at birth＜P10),SGA-2(weight at birth＜P10),and SGA-3(length and weight at birth＜P10).The differences of catch-up growth among three different types of SGA at different months of age were statistical described and compared by the WHO anthro software and SPSS 27.0,and regression analysis was used to analyze related factors that affect the outcome of catch-up growth.Results 1)The catch-up ratios of SGA at different ages in each group were different.The height catch-up ratio of SGA-1 group was the highest at(24±1)months old(66.4％),followed by the weight catch-up ratio of SGA-2 group at(12±1)months old(78.7％).The height catch-up ratio of SGA-3 group reached the maximum at(24±1)months old(66.9％),and the weight catch-up ratio reached the maximum at(3±1)months old(77.4％).The incidence of height catch-up was significantly lower than that of weight catch-up(P＜0.05).2)There was no significant difference in the ratios of SGA height indicators reaching P10,P25,and P50 between(18±1)months old and(24±1)months old in the same group(P＞0.05),and there was no significant difference in the ratios of SGA weight indicators reaching P10,P25,and P50 at(6±1),(12±1),(18±1),and(24±1)months old in the same group(P＞0.05).The ratios of SGA-3 group reaching P10 percentile of both body length and weight indicators at each month of age was significantly lower than those of SGA-1 group(P＜0.05);the ratio of SGA-1 group achieving length and weight catch-up was higher than that of the other two groups,but there was no significant difference in some months of age compared with SGA-2 group(P＞0.05).3)Delivery mode,systematic management,and mother's intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy were related factors affecting the outcome of SGA height catch-up growth(P＜0.05).Conclusions Different types of SGA have different catch-up growth rates and peak periods.Weight catch-up occurs earlier than height catch-up,and its incidence rate is also higher than that of height catch-up,but height catch-up lasts longer with better catch-up effect.SGA children who are born with short height and weight below P10 have relatively limited catch-up growth after birth.Natural childbirth and systematic management are positive factors affecting the early catch-up growth of SGA children,while intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy is a risk factor for SGA children's catch-up growth.Attention should be paid to the early growth characteristics and influencing factors of different types of SGA,which is important for the later management and intervention of SGA.
small for gestational age infantscatch-up growthgrowth patterns
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