Correlation between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 5-14 years
Objective To understand the current situation of bone mineral density and body composition of children and adolescents aged 5-14 years,and to analyze the correlation of muscle,fat,fat distribution,fat muscle ratio with bone mineral density.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1 618 children and adolescents aged 5-14 years who were treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from 2021 to 2023 by convenience sampling.Physical examination,body composition and bone mineral density(BMD)of all parts of the body were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Fat mass index(FMI),muscle mass index(MMI),Android abdominal fat percentage(AWR),Gynoid hip fat percentage(GWR),limb fat percentage(LWR),and fat to muscle ratio(F/M)were then calculated.Multiple linear regression analysis stratified by weight status was used to explore the relationship between body composition and BMD after adjusting for confounders.Results 1)The BMD of both boys and girls increased steadily with age(boys:F=67.741,P＜0.001;girls:F=1 12.780,P＜0.001).The accumulation of BMD in adolescence increased,and the increase of BMD in girls was earlier than that in boys.The BMD of overweight and obese children and adolescents was higher than that of non-overweight children and adolescents(boys:t=9.028,P＜0.001;girls:t=12.315,P＜0.001).2)Stratified by non-overweight and overweight obesity groups,MMI was positively correlated with BMD in male and female students(P＜0.05),and FMI was positively correlated with BMD in male and female students(male:B=0.009,P＜0.001;female:B=0.014,P＜0.001).No correlation was observed in the overweight and obesity group.The F/M ratio of male students was negatively correlated with BMD both in non-overweight group(B=-0.105,P＜0.001)and overweight obesity group(B=-0.188,P＜0.001),while AWR was only found to be negatively correlated with BMD in the overweight and obesity group(B=-0.801,P=0.018).F/M(B=-0.153,P＜0.001)and AWR(B=-1.030,P=0.011)was negatively correlated with BMD in overweight and obese female students.The best fitting model between BMD and F/M was the cubic curve model(male:R2=0.104,P＜0.001;female:R2=0.226,P＜0.001).The F/M of boys and girls was within 0.8,and the BMD gradually increased with the increase of F/M,but when the F/M exceeded 0.8,the BMD slowly decreased.Conclusions Muscle and bone mineral density are always positively correlated.There is a threshold effect of fat on bone mineral density.Abdominal fat is negatively correlated with bone mineral density in overweight and obese children and adolescents.
children and adolescentsbone mineral densitybody compositiondual energy X-ray
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