Efficacy of EEG biofeedback combined with methylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its effect on cerebral blood flow and serum cortisol level
Objective To explore the efficacy of EEG biofeedback(EF)combined with methylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and its effects on cerebral blood flow and serum cortisol(COR)levels.Methods A total of 120 children with ADHD admitted to Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study,and were randomly divided into control group(n=60)and observation group(n=60)according to the random number table method.The control group was treated with methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets,while the observation group was treated with EF additionally.Both groups were treated for 15 consecutive weeks.The clinical efficacy,scores of Chinese version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham Version ⅣScale(SNAP-Ⅳ)and Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties(QCD),cerebral blood flow velocity[left middle artery(MCA-L),left anterior artery(ACA-L),left posterior artery(PCA-L)]and serum COR level before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(93.33％vs.78.33％,x2=5.551,P＜0.05).After treatment,the scores of attention deficit(1.13±0.25 vs.1.28±0.22),hyperactivity-impulsion(1.47±0.32 vs.1.61±0.29)and oppositional defiance(0.96±0.17 vs.1.12±0.17)in SNAP-Ⅳ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=3.489,2.511,5.155,P＜0.05).After treatment,the QCD score(42.86±3.15 vs.41.32±2.96),cerebral blood flow velocity[MCA-L:(58.63±3.11)cm/s vs.(57.04±4.78)cm/s;ACA-L:(49.57±3.97)cm/s vs.(48.24±3.21)cm/s;PCA-L:(39.74±3.82)cm/s vs.(38.05±4.0)cm/s]and serum COR level[(317.84±29.76)nmol/L vs.(283.92±30.54)nmol/L]in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=2.760,2.160,2.018,2.354,6.162,P＜0.05).Conclusions EF combined with methylphenidate hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of ADHD in children.It can significantly improve the core symptoms and social function of ADHD children.Improving cerebral blood flow velocity and serum COR level may be the mechanism of its efficacy.
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