Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children characterized by impairments in social interactions and repetitive,stereotyped behaviors,with a globally increasing incidence rate.Its etiology is complex,involving both genetic and environmental factors.This article systematically summarizes the research progress on the neuropathological mechanisms of ASD,encompassing synaptic function,neurotransmitter imbalance,neural circuit abnormalities,neuroanatomical changes,and neuroinflammation.A deep understanding of the pathological mechanisms of ASD can provide scientific evidence and guidance for the development of related clinical treatment strategies.
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