摘要
目的 了解烟台市非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状,为非医疗放射工作单位职业健康管理提供科学依据.方法 采用问卷调查的方法对烟台市2022年非医疗放射工作单位开展调查,内容包括辐射源项、职业健康检查、个人剂量监测、个人防护用品配置以及工作场所辐射防护检测等.采用双录入法录入数据并进行分析.结果 我市共有56家非医疗放射工作单位,涵盖了制造业、有色金属矿采选业、核电站、交通运输业和技术服务业.共有Ⅰ类射线装置0台、Ⅱ类150台、Ⅲ类10台;Ⅰ类放射源80枚、Ⅱ类16枚、Ⅲ类14枚、Ⅳ类62枚、V类135枚.共有放射工作人员998人,职业健康体检率和个人剂量监测率均为98.3％.56家非医疗放射工作单位中,47家(83.9％)配备了辐射防护监测仪表,其中24家(51.1％)企业对辐射防护监测仪表进行了检定,共配置个人剂量报警仪2017台,个人防护用品2327件;42家(75％)开展了职业卫生评价,44家(78.6％)开展了自主检测,53家(94.6％)开展了委托检测,监测结果合格率100％(53/53),职业病危害项目申报率为87.5％(49/56).结论 我市非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状与国家法规标准要求尚有差距,应进一步加强非医疗放射工作单位的监督管理,尤其是辐射防护监测仪表的配置及检定.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current status of radiation protection in non-medical radiation workplaces in Yantai,China,and to provide a scientific basis for occupational health management in non-medical radiation workplaces.Methods Non-medical radiation workplaces in Yantai were investigated using a questionnaire survey in 2022,including radiation source term,occupational health examination,personal dose monitoring,personal protective equipment,and radi-ation protection testing workplaces.Data were entered by a double-entry method and then analyzed.Results There were 56 non-medical radiation workplaces in Yantai,covering manufacturing,nonferrous metal ore mining,nuclear power plant,transportation,and technical services.There were 0 Class Ⅰ radiation device,150 Class Ⅱ radiation devices,and 10 Class Ⅲradiation devices;there were 80 Class Ⅰ radiation sources,16 Class Ⅱ radiation sources,14 Class Ⅲ radiation sources,62 Class Ⅳ radiation sources,and 135 Class V radiation sources.There were 998 radiation workers,with an occupational health examination rate and personal dose monitoring rate of 98.3％.Among the 56 non-medical radiation workplaces,47(83.9％)were equipped with radiation protection monitoring instruments,24(51.1％)workplaces had verified the radiation protection monitoring instruments,with 2017 personal dose monitoring instruments and 2327 personal protective equipment in place,42(75％)workplaces carried out occupational health assessments,44(78.6％)workplaces carried out self-detection,and 53(94.6％)workplaces carried out entrusting detections(monitoring pass rate:100％[53/53]).The declaration rate of occupa-tional hazard items was 87.5％(49/56).Conclusion There is still a gap between the current status and the requirements in the national regulations and standards regarding radiation protection in non-medical radiation workplaces.Therefore,the su-pervision and management of non-medical radiation workplaces should be further strengthened,especially the configuration and verification of radiation protection monitoring instruments.
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