Current status of maternal colonization with group B Streptococcus and new advances in prevention and treatment
徐君碧 1赵颖 1杜敏敏 1王晓霞 1黄以萍1
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作者信息
1. 浙江大学医学院附属第四医院,浙江义乌 322000
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摘要
B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus,GBS)是导致新生儿感染的主要病原体之一.在世界范围内,GBS在孕妇体内广泛定植,可定植在孕妇的消化道和泌尿生殖道,并在一定条件下由定植状态转变为感染状态,对孕产妇和新生儿的健康造成巨大影响.本研究介绍了GBS的生物学特征和流行病学特点,并对孕妇妊娠期GBS筛查、分娩时应用抗生素预防,以及GBS疫苗研制的现状进行了阐述,提出孕期GBS疫苗接种或将成为降低新生儿GBS病的有效手段,且结合规范、有效的筛查及产时抗生素预防,有望大幅减少孕产妇和新生儿的GBS感染.
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus(GBS)is the leading cause of newborn infection.GBS colonizes pregnant women worldwide and GBS can colonize in their maternal genitourinary and urogenital tracts.GBS can transit from an asymptomatic commensal member of the mucosal biome to a pathogenic bacterium under certain conditions,causing a high burden of neonatal and infant disease globally.Although antepartum screening for GBS and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of perinatal GBS disease,there are still many problems in practice,such as long testing time,delayed antibiotics use,and antibiotic resistance.This review introduces GBS colonization,biological characteristics,epidemiology,antepartum screening,intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis,and the current status of vaccine development.Implementing vaccination for pregnant women may be a promising strategy to prevent neonatal and infant GBS disease.In combination with standardized and effective screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis,vaccination is expected to significantly reduce the morbidity of maternal and neonatal GBS disease.
关键词
B族链球菌/产时抗生素预防/免疫预防/疫苗
Key words
group B Streptococcus/intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis/immune prevention/vaccine
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