摘要
生态环境监测是生态环境保护的重要基础,将在构建从山顶到海洋的保护治理大格局中发挥关键作用;我国虽建成规模庞大、要素齐全、布局合理的生态环境监测网络,但不足以满足减污降碳、生态保护与修复、气候变化应对等新时期国家重大需求.本文全面阐述了我国生态环境监测网络体系的发展需求,从生态环境监测网络、生态环境监测技术与装备、生态环境监测指标、生态环境监测应用等方面梳理了相关体系的发展现状,进一步凝练了一体化生态环境监测网络缺失、自主先进的协同监测装备缺乏、指标研发滞后且数据处理与共享不足、一体化协同及保障机制缺乏等问题.论证提出了生态环境监测网络一体化、生态环境监测技术与装备自主化、生态环境监测指标体系一体化、生态环境监测网络应用一体化等我国生态环境监测网络体系的重点任务,构建从山顶到海洋、"天空地海"一体化生态环境监测体系,推进生态环境监测装备的自主研发与应用,建立新型生态环境监测标准、技术与服务体系,保障一体化生态环境监测网络体系健康发展,启动科技重大项目与示范工程并率先开展典型区域监测应用等我国生态环境监测网络体系发展建议.相关内容可为我国"天空地海"一体化生态环境监测网络体系的研究、建设、应用等提供参考.
Abstract
Ecological environment monitoring is an essential foundation for ecological and environmental protection and will play a key role in building a grand ecological and environmental protection and governance framework.Although China has built a large-scale,comprehensive,and well-structured ecological environment monitoring network,it is insufficient to meet the major national demands of the new era,such as reducing pollution and carbon emissions,ecological protection and restoration,and addressing climate change.This study elaborates on the development demand of China for an ecological environment monitoring network system,outlining the current status of the system in terms of monitoring network,monitoring technologies and equipment,monitoring indicators,and monitoring applications.It further identifies existing problems,including the lack of an integrated ecological environment monitoring network,shortage of independent and advanced monitoring equipment,delayed development of indicators and insufficient data processing and sharing,as well as lack of an integrated coordination and support mechanism.The study argues for several key tasks to address these problems,including integrating the ecological environment monitoring network,advancing the independent development of monitoring technologies and equipment,unifying the monitoring indicator system,and integrating the applications of the ecological environment monitoring network.The study also proposes the following recommendations:(1)building an ecological environment monitoring system that integrates air,space,land,and sea,(2)promoting the independent research and development of monitoring equipment and its application,(3)establishing a new system for ecological environment monitoring standards,technologies,and services,(4)ensuring the healthy development of the integrated monitoring network system,and(5)launching major scientific projects and prioritizing monitoring applications in typical regions.This study is expected to serve as a reference for the research,construction,and application of the integrated ecological environment monitoring network system in China.
维普
万方数据