Spatiotemporal Evolution and Interactions of Vegetation and Water Balance Elements
The interactions between vegetation and water balance elements play a crucial role in enhancing the compatibility of water resources and forest-grassland conservation,thereby promoting high-quality development.This study employs key indicators,including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),precipitation,actual evapotranspiration,and water yield,spanning the years 1982 to 2019,with a 1 km × 1 km grid as the fundamental analytical unit.It examines the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and interrelationships between vegetation and water balance elements across various spatial scales,such as climatic zones,vegetation zones,tertiary watersheds,and primary watersheds.It identifies regions and watersheds with pronounced conflicts between vegetation increase and water yield reduction,and reveals the spatial interactions between vegetation and water yield.Based on these findings,the study outlines the key challenges and recommendations for scientifically restoring and conserving forests and grasslands under the principle of "coordinated water and vegetation management".While national averages for precipitation,actual evapotranspiration,and water yield exhibit no significant trends,notable spatial patterns emerge at specific scales.Significant conflicts between vegetation increase and water yield reduction are observed in regions such as the warm temperate semi-humid zone,warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest zone,temperate desert zone,and temperate grassland zone,as well as in major watersheds such as the Huaihe,Haihe,Liaohe,and Yellow Rivers,and in 35.7％ of tertiary watersheds.Additionally,the main implementation areas of major ecological projects like the Three-North Shelterbelt Program and the Grain for Green Program (e.g.,Northwest Rivers and the Yellow River basin) overlap significantly with the identified conflict-prone areas,raising concerns about the ecological water needs of vegetation in these areas.The study recommends enhancing decision-making scientificity,accounting for natural runoff reduction risks in target setting,and strengthening ecological water supply assurance for major projects,thereby providing valuable insights for the future scientific conservation of forests and grasslands.
water balancevegetationwater yieldspatiotemporal evolutioninteractionsustainable management
万方数据
维普
