首页|Detecting bulk and edge exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems through generalized Petermann factors

Detecting bulk and edge exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems through generalized Petermann factors

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Non-orthogonality in non-Hermitian quantum systems gives rise to tremendous exotic quantum phenomena,which can be fundamentally traced back to non-unitarity.In this paper,we introduce an interesting quantity(denoted as η)as a new variant of the Petermann factor to directly and efficiently measure non-unitarity and the associated non-Hermitian physics.By tuning the model parameters of underlying non-Hermitian systems,we find that the discontinuity of both η and its first-order derivative(denoted as ∂η)pronouncedly captures rich physics that is fundamentally caused by non-unitarity.More concretely,in the 1D non-Hermitian topo-logical systems,two mutually orthogonal edge states that are respectively localized on two boundaries become non-orthogonal in the vicinity of discontinuity of η as a function of the model parameter,which is dubbed"edge state transition".Through theoretical analysis,we identify that the appearance of edge state transition indicates the existence of exceptional points(EPs)in topological edge states.Regarding the discontinuity of ∂η,we investigate a two-level non-Hermitian model and establish a connection between the points of discontinuity of ∂η and EPs of bulk states.By studying this connection in more general lattice models,we find that some models have discontinuity of ∂η,implying the existence of EPs in bulk states.

non-HermitianSu-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)modelexceptional point

Yue-Yu Zou、Yao Zhou、Li-Mei Chen、Peng Ye

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School of Physics,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies,and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China

国家自然科学基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research FoundationOpen Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yatsen University

120744382020B15151201002022B121201000823ptpy05

2024

10.1007/s11467-023-1337-8

物理学前沿
高等教育出版社

物理学前沿

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.816
ISSN：2095-0462
年,卷(期)：2024.19(2)
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