近年来以京东为首的大型网上超市零售电商蓬勃发展，其"一地多仓"的仓储布局和大量"一单多品"的订单特性使得订单拆分履行成为普遍现象，进而引发了配送高扰动、履行高成本等一系列难题，该问题的复杂性在于随着订单规模及其所含品项数的增加，导致订单拆分方案数呈指数增长。本文针对订单拆分优化难题，综合运用组合优化和聚类分析理论，以最小化订单拆分履行成本为目标，从缩减求解空间的视角出发，设计了高效的基于商品相关性的 PLBH-LNS(product link-based hybrid heuristic large neighborhood search algorithm)算法。通过对小规模的构造算例进行分析，与CPLEX结果比较，验证了算法的科学性和有效性;并采用国内某零售电商大规模实际数据进行实验分析，验证了算法的实用性。实验结果表明，与实际操作中运用简单规则的订单拆分策略相比，PLBH-LNS方法平均能缩减22。48％的订单拆分履行成本，为大型网上超市的订单拆分问题提供了新思路和有效的辅助决策支持。
Order Splitting Optimization Method of Multi-item Order Fulfillment in Online Supermarkets with Multi-warehouses in a City
In recent years online supermarkets such as JD.com have developed greatly in the e-commerce environment.Order splitting has been a common phenomenon in practical operations due to two main features of the online supermarket:one is the multi-warehouse network in one big city,the other is the vast multi-item customer orders.Serious order splitting problem intrigues some challenges such as high delivery disturbance,high fulfillment cost.The complexity of this problem is that the solution space will be large because of the explosive increased number of splitting solutions with the increase in the number of orders and the number of items in each order.Synthetically applying the theories of combinatorial optimization and clustering analysis,the order splitting optimization problem is investigated to minimize the order splitting fulfillment cost.For the sake of decreasing the solution space,the product link-based hybrid heuristic large neighborhood search algorithm(PLBH-LNS)is proposed.The effectiveness and practicality of the PLBH-LNS algorithm are veri-fied using a series of generated small-scale datasets and a real large-scale dataset from an online retailer in China.The results show that,compared with the myopic order splitting strategy in practical operations,the PLBH-LNS algorithm could decrease the average order fulfillment cost by 22.48％.A new method and idea for the online supermarket order splitting in e-commerce is provided,which also supports the order fulfillment decision for decreasing the order splitting.
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