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基于剥夺成本的应急疏散与物资调配问题研究

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大规模灾害救援初期，应急物资供应不及时和分配不均的状况会使灾民产生一定的负面心理情绪，影响灾后救援效率。针对该问题，本文构造绝对剥夺成本函数和相对剥夺成本函数衡量灾民的负面心理情绪，并利用总剥夺成本表征应急物资调配的公平性，以救援总成本最小为决策目标，构建兼顾效率和公平的灾民应急疏散、临时避难所选址和应急物资调配的集成优化模型，并设计一种分阶段解码的遗传算法进行求解。最后，以易受台风侵袭的广东省东莞市与汕尾市的19个城镇作为受灾点进行算例分析，验证了模型与算法的有效性和可行性，以期为灾后应急救援提供有益参考。
Research on Emergency Evacuation and Material Allocation Based on Deprivation Cost
In the early stage of large-scale disaster relief,the untimely supply and uneven distribution of emergency supplies will cause certain negative psychological emotions among the victims,which,if not eliminated in time,will most likely lead to irrational behavior of the victims and affect the development and efficiency of the relief work.To address the problem,deprivation cost is introduced into post-disaster emergency management research,comprehensively considering the negative psychological emotions of disaster victims due to material scarcity and uneven distribution.The absolute deprivation cost function is constructed to quantify the sensitivity of the victims to the demand and arrival time of supplies,and to measure the negative psychological emotions caused by the lack of supplies.The relative deprivation cost function is constructed by referring to the Gini coefficient in economics to measure the difference in the negative psychological emotions suffered by the victims in different shelters,and to measure the negative psychological emotions such as imbalance and jealousy caused by the comparison of the victims.The total deprivation cost is also used to characterize the fairness of emergency supplies allocation.Based on the effective portrayal of the negative psychological emotions of the victims,an integrated optimization model for emergency evacuation,temporary shelter location and emergency material allocation is constructed with the objective of minimizing the total cost of rescue,and a stage-by-stage decoding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model.In the verification stage,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by constructing a case study in combination with the disaster relief scenario after super typhoon hit Guangdong Province.The results of the analysis show that the timing of post-disaster rescue operations has a significant impact on the location of temporary shelters,emergency evacuation of victims,and emergency material distribution activities.Under the scenario where the rescue time is determined,improving the fairness of emergency supplies distribution can reduce the negative psychological emotions of the victims and improve the rescue efficiency.The relevant findings can provide useful references for post-disaster emergency management.

emergency evacuationemergency material allocationdeprivation costintegrated optimizationgenetic algorithm

张玲、高鹏飞、张琳

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福州大学经济与管理学院,福建福州 350108

西北工业大学管理学院,陕西西安 710129

东北财经大学工商管理学院,辽宁 大连 116025

应急疏散 应急物资调配 剥夺成本 集成优化 遗传算法

国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目国家自然科学基金项目福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目福建省科技厅创新战略研究项目

720010377197412172374131FJ2023JDZ0182021R0014

2024

10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0698

中国管理科学
中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会 中科院科技政策与管理科学研究所

中国管理科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.938
ISSN：1003-207X
年,卷(期)：2024.32(5)