Joint Optimization of Mixed Parking Spaces and Dynamic Pricing for a Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle System
As a future sustainable transportation mode,shared autonomous electric vehicles combined with the construction of charging and noncharging parking spaces(mixed parking spaces)at stations effectively reconcile the contradictions between urban travel,parking,and charging supply and demand.This paper considered the joint optimization of mixed parking space allocation,dynamic pricing based on the logit-based elastic demand,and vehicle scheduling.Based on the single-commodity space-time-battery network,a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model was constructed with the number of parking spaces,travel pricing,and space-time-battery flow as the decision variables and the maximization of operational profit as the objective.Due to the difficulty of obtaining high-quality solutions for this model,this paper fitted the logit function using an outer-inner approximation method.Then,using a quadratic-based integer variable decomposition and a parking constraint relaxation method,the original model was reconstructed as a mixed-integer linear programming model and solved using the GUROBI engine.A comparison of the configuration and operational joint optimization results before and after the reconstruction shows that the proposed method effectively improves the solution efficiency.The results of the Chengdu case study indicate that compared to using only charging spaces,mixed parking space allocation increased charging space utilization by 10.59％and decreased charging space rent by 28.87％while reducing relocation costs by 4.15％under the same order fulfillment rate.Compared with fixed pricing for trips,dynamic pricing effectively reduces fleet size by 16.03％while increasing operational profits.The range of dynamic pricing is inversely proportional to the number of vehicle relocations and the actual demand for origin-destination.Higher parking costs led to a sharp decrease in the leasing of noncharging parking spaces.A decrease in the charging rate can reduce the operational revenue by 12.35％,which contributed to an increase of 14.75％in charging parking spaces and 12.34％in noncharging parking spaces.
万方数据
维普
