Collaborative Optimization of Highway Intersection Lighting Distance with Illuminance and Vehicle Speed
Compromised vision of drivers is an important factor in the frequent occurrence of night-time accidents at highway intersections.Smart street lights can sense traffic information and automatically adjust luminance;their use improves the lighting conditions of branch roads at intersections,thereby reducing night-time accident rates by utilizing lower electricity consumption.Collaborative optimization of the branch lighting distance,illuminance scheme,and vehicle speed are crucial to this problem.To maintain the driver's visual search capability at a reasonable level,this study investigated the collaborative influence of illumination and vehicle speed on the driver's visual search range and propose a coordinated scheme for the lighting distance of branch road and illuminance-vehicle speed,considering the constraints of visual search requirements.First,a calculation method for the visual search range based on perspective mapping theory using viewpoint coordinates was established.Second,a simulated driving platform was used to construct coupled experimental scenarios,including six vehicle speeds and four illuminances.Conflicts between vehicles,pedestrians,and cyclists randomly appearing on the left and right sides of the intersections were used as conflict events.Eye tracking was used to collect drivers'viewpoint coordinates in different scenarios and calculate the visual search range when approaching intersections.Finally,the relationship among illuminance,vehicle speed,and visual search range was established based on multi-variate Gaussian process regression.By combining the matching scheme between vehicle speed and illuminance for branch roads,the minimum lighting distances for branch roads were calculated for different vehicle speeds.The results indicate that the visual search range of the driver does not change significantly with an increase in illuminance when the illuminance is below a critical value.Specifically,for vehicle speeds below 50 and 60 km·h-1,and above 70 km·h-1,the corresponding critical illuminance values are 12,24,and 36 lx,respectively.In addition,the minimum lighting distances for branch roads corresponding to speeds of 30,40,50,60,and 70 km·h-1 are 27.59,29.91,32.71,35.74,and 38.68 m,respectively.Therefore,when increasing the speed of vehicles near intersections,it is necessary to increase the lighting distance of the branches while increasing the illuminance.This leaves sufficient visual search space for drivers to observe conflict events from the branches in a timely manner.
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