Research on Vehicle-bridge Interaction Using Tire Patch Contact Loads
Highway vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) models generally simulate tire loads using a single-point force,which ignores the spatial load effect of tires on the vehicle-bridge interaction. This may lead to errors in the bridge response calculated by the drive-by vehicles.To solve this problem,a VBI modeling method is proposed herein that considers the influence of the tire contact surface.First,according to the actual contact area of vehicle tires,a multipoint force tire model comprising uniformly distributed spring-damping elements was established to replace the traditional single-point force tire model.Tire patch loads were used to connect the vehicle and bridge models to construct the vehicle-bridge interaction formula.Subsequently,based on the new modeling method,VBI simulation models of the simply supported beam and slab bridge were established using LS-DYNA.The proposed method was then verified via comparison with the existing research. Finally,based on field tests and simulations of a steel deck bridge,the accuracy and feasibility of the multipoint tire load contact model were demonstrated.The results show that the spatial load effect of the tires can weaken the dynamic response to some extent for simply supported beams and slabs. This phenomenon becomes increasingly evident with a decrease in bridge stiffness and the deterioration of road profile conditions. The maximum dynamic response of the multipoint force model for a slab bridge with Class E roughness is 4.94％ lower than that of the single-point force model. For steel deck bridges with a smaller local stiffness,the results of the single-point model without considering the tire contact significantly overestimate the dynamic response of the bridge. Furthermore,the error of the maximum dynamic response of the measuring points at the bridge deck reaches 8.83％.In contrast,the results considering the effect of the tire contact surface are closer to the measured values.The errors at different fatigue details are less than 2％,and the error at the U-rib is only 0.33％. Therefore,considering the tire contact surface,the vehicle-bridge interaction system can accurately reflect the dynamic performance of bridges,particularly steel deck bridges.
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