The characteristic of acoustic emission testing technology is that it can collect sound energy signals emitted from inside the material in real time,without external excitation.Its signal comes from the material defect itself,which belongs to a type of dynamic non-destructive testing technology.This article elaborated on the principle and research progress of acoustic emission detection technology,and summarized its application in the fracture damage of metal materials,polymer materials,and non-metallic composite materials.At the same time,in response to the current research and development trend of acoustic emission detection pattern recognition technology for material fracture,the shortcomings of shallow learning at the technical level were analyzed,and the application prospects of deep learning technology in the field of acoustic emission detection were pointed out.