摘要
关于唐-明间乡里制度演变的单线条式叙述与阐释,忽略了乡里制度及其演变的北南方差异,以及辽金元时期契丹、女真、蒙古等"北族"因素的影响.北南方地区乡里制度的形成及其变化,是以乡村聚落形态差异为基础的:在北方地区,"里"作为行政管理单位,与自然村相对一致;在南方地区,一个"里"往往包括几个自然村,形成地域单元.唐至明期间,北方地区乡村基层管理单位均在"村"的层面,南方地区乡村基层管理单位表现为包括若干村的地域.唐-明间乡里制度变化的总趋势,是以户口控制为基础的唐代乡里制,渐次向以村落、田亩控制为基础的乡村制演变;同时,契丹、女真、蒙古都将其固有的户丁控制制度引入北方汉地乃至全国的乡里制度体系.明代洪武十四年(1381)实行的黄册里甲制,融合北南方两种乡里制度传统,将户丁控制与田亩控制结合起来,而以户丁控制为主.在实行过程中,渐次向以田亩控制为主导演变.
Abstract
From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,the general trend of the evolution of the rural control was that the system,which was based on the principle of household registration,gradually evolved in-to a system based on village and land.At the same time,the Khitan,Jurchen,and Mongolia all introduced their inherent households and adults control systems into the Chinese inherent control systems.The Li-jia system that was implemented in 1381,combined the control system based on the households and adults with the control system based on the cultivated land.However,in the process of implementation,it gradually evolved to the control of the cultivated land.
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据