摘要
洪武十三年(1380),朱元璋罢中书省及丞相等官,更定六部官秩,标志着北宋元丰年间确立的省部体制正式结束,开启了"天下之政总于六部"的新体制.此次机构改革与胡惟庸案有直接关系,但君相矛盾只是明初废丞相的随机性因素.鉴于元末宰相权重导致天下丧乱的教训,早在建国之初,朱元璋就有意弱化中书省职权,迟至洪武元年(1368)八月,才仿照元制建立起完备的六部体制,正根源于此.此后,朱元璋又仿照唐宋制度,在六部之下逐渐建立起子部(属部,后称清吏司),改变了金元六部之下郎官不分司、以令史分掌科-曹案的体制.虽然元明间六部差异明显,但不宜视作制度史的断裂.朱元璋充实六部官制,并在此基础上罢中书省,恰可视作对金元时期省部关系中利弊的反思与修正,因而整体上仍处在隋唐以降六部的实体化和独立化这一制度发展内在理路的延长线上.
Abstract
In the beginning,Zhu Yuanzhang tried to weaken the power of Zhongshu Sheng.For example,he postponed the establishment of the six ministries(Liu Bu),that were the executive department of Zhongshu Sheng.After the establishment of the Liu Bu,he adjusted the official settings the organization of Liu Bu many times to improve their independence,and ultimately abolished the Zhongshu Sheng.Research-ers usually consider this change originated from the power struggle and contradiction between the emperor and the prime minister.But this is actually related to the development of the solidification and independence of the Liu Bu since the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
基金项目
国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究项目(LSYZD21006)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据