Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength,significantly affecting the prognosis of spinal fusion surgery. Anti-osteoporosis drugs,by regulating the bone remodeling process,have become an important clinical intervention for treating osteoporosis,promoting spinal fusion,and reducing complications. This review examines the effects,mechanisms,and research progress of different types of anti-osteoporosis drugs on the spinal fusion process. It also summarizes current clinical recommendations for drug selection and timing of administration,and explores future research directions,aiming to provide guidance on the use of these drugs for patients with osteoporosis during the perioperative period of spinal fusion surgery to improve clinical outcomes.
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