厘清企业嵌入全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)的环境影响及其机制是实现绿色发展的重要微观基础.本文提出嵌入GVC、能源消耗和企业环境绩效的统一分析框架,并基于微观企业数据开展实证研究.结果显示:嵌入GVC程度上升可以有效降低企业的污染排放强度.机制分析表明,嵌入GVC主要通过投入结构转型效应促进企业使用进口中间品替代能源消耗,降低企业的能源投入强度,进而提升环境绩效.进一步引入国内环境规制差异的分析发现,中国企业嵌入GVC的投入结构转型效应是基于劳动力比较优势参与国际分工的结果,而非为了规避国内环境规制主动进行的污染外包.动态机制的检验结果显示,嵌入GVC主要通过存续企业"内部减排"和"市场份额再分配"的集约边际,以及"清洁企业进入"的扩展边际降低行业排放强度.在企业退出机制较完善的地区,还可通过"污染企业退出"的扩展边际发挥作用.本文对于新发展阶段下以高水平对外开放协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长具有一定的启示意义.
Global Value Chain Participation Facilitates Firms'Green Development:An Input Structure Transformation Perspective
Global value chain(GVC)serves not only as a chain for global resources allocation but also as a chain for pollution generation and transfer.In the era of China's extensive participation in the international production fragmentation and the ongoing reinforcement of domestic environmental regulations,accurately identifying the influence of GVC participation on pollution is important for China's high-quality development.However,existing research on the environmental impacts of GVC participation remains inconclusive.Specifically,previous studies primarily focus on the role of the technology spillover.Yet,they overlook the direct connection between pollution emissions and energy consumption,and more importantly,the impact of changes in input structures due to the international production fragmentation on pollution emission intensity.To bridge this gap,this paper develops a theoretical model that incorporates GVC participation,energy consumption,and firms'environmental performance.Based on the theoretical analysis,we propose that GVC participation can affect firms'environmental performance through three channels:technique effect,energy transformation effect,and input structure transformation effect.Therefore,whether GVC participation increases or decreases firms'pollution emissions depends on the compound impact of these three effects.To empirically test our theoretical hypothesis,we analyze the matched data from the Annual Survey of Industrial Production(ASIP),China Customs Statistics Database,and China's Environmental Statistics Database(CESD)from 2000 to 2013.We find that,on average,the increase in the degree of GVC participation can significantly reduce the pollution emission intensity of firms.Mechanism analysis reveals that GVC participation propels input structure transformation,that is,encourages enterprises to substitute imported intermediate goods for energy consumption,thereby reducing the intensity of energy input and consequently improving environmental performance.Meanwhile,due to the"channel competition"and"risk transmission",the role of GVC participation in promoting emission reduction through the technology effect is not found.Further moderating effect analysis shows that more stringent domestic environmental regulations do not motivate firms to substitute imported intermediate goods for energy consumption.This suggests that the input structure transformation effect resulting from Chinese enterprises'GVC participation is a consequence of undertaking international industry transfer based on comparative advantage in labor,rather than intentionally engaging in pollution outsourcing.Our findings have several policy implications.Firstly,it is imperative to actively participate in GVC while accelerating the cultivation of new comparative advantages.Secondly,there is a need to enhance policy coordination to incentivize green innovation among firms.Thirdly,heightened efforts are essential to strengthen regional coordination in environmental governance.Lastly,there is a call for reinforcing external risk management within both the industrial chains and supply chains.In sum,we provide a comprehensive framework for guiding policy decisions and fostering sustainable development in the context of GVCs.
global value chainenergy consumptionenvironmental performanceinput structure transformation
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
