Supply Constraints of Artificial Intelligence,Technological Heterogeneity and International Comparative Advantage
Artificial intelligence(AI)technology is reshaping global production networks and international industrial comparative advantages,emerging as a crucial force in altering global industrial competitiveness.However,the total supply of Al capital is currently constrained and continuously increasing investment in Al capital leads to price hikes,subsequently raising factor costs.Given the supply constraint of AI,does the investment in Al technology enhance the international comparative advantages of various sectors?This paper constructs a theoretical model based on the global multi-sector input-output production network relationship,incorporating the spillover effects of intermediate goods in the industrial chain.It proves how the supply constraints of AI affect the relationship between Al input and industrial comparative advantages.With Al as a production factor,the assumption of technological homogeneity is relaxed to capture differences in the utilization of AI technologies across industries,enriching research in the areas of AI investment and production automation.Furthermore,using the data from 15 industries in 44 countries from 2011 to 2020,this paper empirically proves the conclusion of the theoretical model.The impact of AI investment on the international comparative advantages of industries presents an inverted U-shaped relationship.When the capital cost of AI is low,automating more production tasks can reduce costs and enhance international comparative advantages in industries.In the context of constrained AI capital supply,excessive investment in Al may elevate capital costs,thereby undermining industrial comparative advantages.Heterogeneity analysis shows that labor-intensive industries,low-innovation countries,and developing countries exhibit a more pronounced inverted U-shaped relationship.The mechanism test verifies that factor prices,value-added rates,and intermediate goods demand are the channels through which AI investment influences industrial comparative advantages.Finally,this paper confirms the existence of supply constraints,showing that the stock of robots plays a moderating role,and the larger the stock,the slower the rise in factor prices,and the later the turning point in industrial international competitiveness appears.The findings indicate that an appropriate scale of AI investment must consider various factors,including the factor structure characteristics of the production sector,supply constraints of AI,and the global input-output network.It is essential to thoroughly consider the non-monotonic relationship of international comparative advantages induced by AI technologies,and timely adjust the scale and direction of Al investment.This finding holds significant reference value for China in the rational planning of its AI industry.
万方数据
维普
