Heterogeneous Labor Spatial Reallocation and Economic Welfare under the Shock of Digital Capital
With the disappearance of the demographic dividend advantage of infinite labor supply elasticity and the continuous decline of the impact of labor migration elasticity on labor spatial supply,how to develop new quality productive forces represented by the digital economy,fully tap into the potential of labor supply,promote labor spatial migration,has become an urgent issue to strengthen the complementarity of labor and innovation factors,improve labor spatial allocation efficiency,and ultimately achieve common prosperity.This paper constructs a quantitative spatial equilibrium model and reveals the mechanisms of labor spatial reconfiguration from the perspective of digital capital and labor factor substitution and complementarity.This paper finds that spatial heterogeneity exists in the response of labor supply to local digital shocks.Further quantitative analysis reveals that as substitution between digital capital and unskilled labor enhances,although it can improve the equilibrium utility of skilled labor,it is not conducive to improving that of unskilled labor and will restrain economic growth.Regarding how cities develop digital industries according to local conditions,big cities should pay attention to the relatively complete industrial structure configuration and avoid blindly replacing simple labor.In contrast,small and medium-sized cities should pay more attention to developing innovative industries to enhance digital capital intensity.Besides,the empirical test shows that the improvement in digital efficiency in China can effectively enhance the efficiency of labor spatial migration,especially has a significantly positive impact on stabilizing the employment of vulnerable groups.This paper has the following contributions.First of all,it deepens theoretical research on the relationship between digital capital and the spatial distribution of urban population.This paper reveals the mechanism of digital factors influencing the spatial reconfiguration of heterogeneous labor and provides corresponding quantitative answers to questions such as"how the development of innovative factors determine the labor skill structure and urban spatial system"and"how to improve the substitution and complementary relationship between factors to promote labor migrating efficiency and economic growth".In addition,this paper presents the idea that cities should develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions to avoid the dilemma of resource mismatch and low efficiency caused by investment surges in emerging industries.After simulating the theoretical model,it finds that the effect of digital shocks on labor migration behavior has spatial heterogeneity,indicating that the spatial layout of innovative industries needs to be orderly developed according to urban characteristics.
digital complementaritylabor spatial reallocationspatial skill distributionspatial quantitative equilibrium model
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