With the continuous progress of industrialisation,energy material products are increasingly produced and used,however,many energy materials are toxic organic compounds,which seriously threaten the health of practitioners and put great pressure on the ecological environment.In this paper,the toxic effects of typical energy materials represented by TNT,RDX,HMX and CL-20 on animals,soil ecosystems and occupational groups are reviewed,the treatment methods of waste energy mate-rials are compared,introduced the current research progress of microbial degradation of energetic materials,and prospected the work on microbial degradation of energetic materials in China.